A simple package to implement the Result pattern for returning from services.
$ dotnet add package SimpleResults
A simple library to implement the Result pattern for returning from services.
This library was inspired by Arcadis.Result.
The purpose of the Result design pattern is to give an operation (a method) the possibility to return a complex result (an object), allowing the consumer to:
{
"success": true,
"data": { "id": 1 },
"message": "..",
"errors": ["..", ".."]
}I couldn't change this format because the front-end used it, so I didn't want to make a breaking change.
I usually throw exceptions when developing open source libraries to alert the developer immediately that an error has occurred and must be corrected. In this case, it makes sense to me to throw an exception because the developer can know exactly where the error originated (by looking at the stack trace).
However, when I develop applications I very rarely find a case for using exceptions.
For example, I could throw an exception when a normal user enters empty fields but this does not make sense to me, because it is an error caused by the end user (he/she manages the system from the user interface). So in this case throwing an exception is useless because:
Stack trace included in the exception object is of no use to anyone, neither the end user nor the developer. This is not a bug that a developer should be concerned about.
Nobody cares where the error originated, whether it was in method X or Y, it doesn't matter.
And there are many more examples of errors caused by the end user: the email is duplicated or a password that does not comply with security policies, among others.
I only throw exceptions when the exception object is useful to someone (like a developer); otherwise, I use a Result object to handle errors. I use return statements in my methods to create the error.
This is just my opinion, it is not an absolute truth either. My point of view is more philosophical, so the purpose of my paragraphs is not to indicate the disadvantages of using exceptions, but to explain why for me it does not make sense in some cases to throw exceptions.
At work I had to implement a module to generate a report that performs a monthly comparison of income and expenses for a company, so it was necessary to create a function that is responsible for calculating the percentage of a balance per month:
Percentage.Calculate(double amount, double total);The
totalparameter if it is zero, will cause a division by zero (undefined operation), however, this value was not provided by an end user, but by the income and expense reporting module, but since I did not implement this module correctly, I created a bug, so the algorithm was passing a zero value for a strange reason (I call this a logic error, caused by the developer).
Since I didn't throw an exception in the
Percentage.Calculatefunction, it took me a couple of minutes to find out where the error originated (I didn't know that the problem was a division by zero).
Dividing a floating-point value by zero doesn't throw an exception; it result is not a number (NaN). This was a surprise to me! I didn't know! I was expecting an exception but it was not the case.
If I had thrown an exception, I would have found the error very quickly, just by looking at the stack trace, oh yeah. In this case, it is very useful the exception object, for me and other developers.
Run the following command from the terminal:
dotnet add package SimpleResults --prerelease
Or you can also install the package for ASP.NET Core:
dotnet add package SimpleResults.AspNetCore --prerelease
You must import the namespace types at the beginning of your class file:
using SimpleResults;This library provides four main types:
ResultResult<TValue>ListedResult<TValue>PagedResult<TValue> and PagedInfoWith any of these types you can handle errors and at the same time generate errors with the return statement.
This approach provides a new way to generate an error using return statements without the need to throw exceptions.
Result typeYou can use the Result class when you do not want to return any value.
Example:
public class UserService
{
private readonly List<User> _users;
public UserService(List<User> users) => _users = users;
public Result Update(string id, string name)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id))
return Result.Invalid("ID is required");
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
return Result.Invalid("Name is required");
var user = _users.Find(u => u.Id == id);
if (user is null)
return Result.NotFound();
user.Name = name;
return Result.UpdatedResource();
}
}You can use the Result<TValue> class when you want to return a value (such as a User object).
Example:
public class UserService
{
private readonly List<User> _users;
public UserService(List<User> users) => _users = users;
public Result<User> GetById(string id)
{
if(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id))
return Result.Invalid("ID is required");
var user = _users.Find(u => u.Id == id);
if(user is null)
return Result.NotFound();
return Result.Success(user, "User found");
}
}ListedResult typeYou can use the ListedResult<TValue> class when you want to return a set of values (such as a collection of objects of type User).
Example:
public class UserService
{
private readonly List<User> _users;
public UserService(List<User> users) => _users = users;
public ListedResult<User> GetAll()
{
if(_users.Count == 0)
return Result.Failure("No user found");
return Result.ObtainedResources(_users);
}
}PagedResult typeYou can use the PagedResult<TValue> class when you want to include paged information and a data collection in the result.
Example:
public class UserService
{
private readonly List<User> _users;
public UserService(List<User> users) => _users = users;
public PagedResult<User> GetPagedList(int pageNumber, int pageSize)
{
if(pageNumber <= 0)
return Result.Invalid("PageNumber must be greater than zero");
int itemsToSkip = (pageNumber - 1) * pageSize;
var data = _users
.Skip(itemsToSkip)
.Take(pageSize);
if (data.Any())
{
var pagedInfo = new PagedInfo(pageNumber, pageSize, _users.Count);
return Result.Success(data, pagedInfo);
}
return Result.Failure("No results found");
}
}Result<T> typeYou can tell the method to return a successfully created resource as a result by using the Result.CreatedResource method.
In addition, you can use the CreatedGuid class to specify the ID assigned to the created resource.
Example:
public class UserService
{
private readonly List<User> _users;
public UserService(List<User> users) => _users = users;
public Result<CreatedGuid> Create(string name)
{
if(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
return Result.Invalid("Name is required");
var guid = Guid.NewGuid();
_users.Add(new User { Id = guid.ToString(), Name = name });
return Result.CreatedResource(guid);
}
}You can also use the CreatedId class when using an integer as identifier.
An example using Entity Framework Core:
public class UserModel
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class UserService
{
private readonly DbContext _db;
public UserService(DbContext db) => _db = db;
public Result<CreatedId> Create(string name)
{
if(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
return Result.Invalid("Name is required");
var user = new UserModel { Name = name };
_db.Add(user);
_db.SaveChanges();
return Result.CreatedResource(user.Id);
}
}You can convert the Result object to an ActionResult using the ToActionResult extension method.
You need to install the SimpleResults.AspNetCore package to have access to the extension method.
Example:
public class UserRequest
{
public string Name { get; init; }
}
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class UserController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly UserService _userService;
public UserController(UserService userService) => _userService = userService;
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult<Result<CreatedGuid>> Create([FromBody]UserRequest request)
=> _userService.Create(request.Name).ToActionResult();
[HttpPut("{id}")]
public ActionResult<Result> Update(string id, [FromBody]UserRequest request)
=> _userService.Update(id, request.Name).ToActionResult();
[HttpGet("{id}")]
public ActionResult<Result<User>> Get(string id)
=> _userService.GetById(id).ToActionResult();
[HttpGet("paged")]
public ActionResult<PagedResult<User>> GetPagedList([FromQuery]PagedRequest request)
=> _userService
.GetPagedList(request.PageNumber, request.PageSize)
.ToActionResult();
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult<ListedResult<User>> Get()
=> _userService.GetAll().ToActionResult();
}SimpleResults.AspNetCore package is responsible for translating the status of a Result object into an HTTP status code.
The following table is used as a reference to know which type of result corresponds to an HTTP status code:
| Result type | HTTP status code |
|---|---|
| Result.Success | 200 - Ok |
| Result.CreatedResource | 201 - Created |
| Result.UpdatedResource | 200 - Ok |
| Result.DeletedResource | 200 - Ok |
| Result.ObtainedResource | 200 - Ok |
| Result.Invalid | 400 - Bad Request |
| Result.NotFound | 404 - Not Found |
| Result.Unauthorized | 401 - Unauthorized |
| Result.Conflict | 409 - Conflict |
| Result.Failure | 422 - Unprocessable Entity |
| Result.CriticalError | 500 - Internal Server Error |
You do not need to install any additional packages, you only need Fluent Validation.
Example:
// Define extension methods for ValidationResult class.
public static class ValidationResultExtensions
{
public static bool IsFailed(this ValidationResult result) => !result.IsValid;
public static IEnumerable<string> AsErrors(this ValidationResult result)
=> result.Errors.Select(failure => failure.ErrorMessage);
}
public class UserService
{
public Result Create(CreateUserRequest request)
{
ValidationResult result = new CreateUserValidator().Validate(request);
if(result.IsFailed())
return Result.Invalid(result.AsErrors());
// Some code..
}
}You can find a complete and functional example in these projects:
SimpleResults uses default messages in English. You can change the language in this way:
// Allows to load the resource in Spanish.
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("es");In ASP.NET Core applications, the UseRequestLocalization extension method is used:
app.UseRequestLocalization("es");At the moment, only two languages are available:
Feel free to contribute :D
Any contribution is welcome! Remember that you can contribute not only in the code, but also in the documentation or even improve the tests.
Follow the steps below: