Declarative syntax for System.CommandLine via attributes for easy, fast, strongly-typed (no reflection) usage. Includes a source generator which automagically converts your classes to CLI commands and properties to CLI options or CLI arguments.
System.CommandLine is a very good parser but you need a lot of boilerplate code to get going and the API is hard to discover.
This becomes complicated to newcomers and also you would have a lot of ugly code in your Program.cs to maintain.
What if you had an easy class-based layer combined with a good parser?
DotMake.CommandLine is a library which provides declarative syntax for
System.CommandLine
via attributes for easy, fast, strongly-typed (no reflection) usage. The library includes includes a source generator
which automagically converts your classes to CLI commands and properties to CLI options or CLI arguments.
Supports
trimming,
AOT compilation and
dependency injection!
Getting started
Install the library to your console app project with NuGet.
In your project directory, via dotnet cli:
dotnet add package DotMake.CommandLine
or in Visual Studio Package Manager Console:
PM> Install-Package DotMake.CommandLine
Prerequisites
.NET 6.0 and later project or .NET Standard 2.0 and later project (note that .NET Framework 4.7.2+ can reference netstandard2.0 libraries).
If your target framework is below net5.0, you also need <LangVersion>9.0</LangVersion> tag (minimum) in your .csproj file.
Visual Studio 2022 v17.3+ or .NET SDK 6.0.407+ (our incremental source generator requires performance features added first in these versions).
Usually a console app project but you can also use a class library project which will be consumed later.
Usage
Create a CLI App with DotMake.Commandline in seconds!
In Program.cs, add this simple code:
Cli.Run(([CliArgument]string argument1, bool option1) =>
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(argument1)} parameter is '{argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(option1)} parameter is '{option1}'");
});
And that's it! You now have a fully working command-line app.
Summary
Pass a delegate (a parenthesized lambda expression or a method reference) which has parameters that represent your options and arguments, to Cli.Run.
A parameter is by default considered as a CLI option but you can;
Mark a parameter with CliArgument attribute to make it a CLI argument and specify settings (see CliArgumentAttribute docs for more info).
Mark a parameter with CliOption attribute to specify CLI option settings (see CliOptionAttribute docs for more info).
Mark the delegate itself with CliCommand attribute to specify CLI command settings (see CliCommandAttribute docs for more info).
Note that for being able to mark a parameter with an attribute in an anonymous lambda function,
if your target framework is below net6.0, you also need <LangVersion>10.0</LangVersion> tag (minimum) in your .csproj file.
Set a default value for a parameter if you want it to be optional (not required to be specified on the command-line).
Your delegate can be async.
Your delegate can have a return type void or int and if it's async Task or Task<int>.
Class-based model
While delegate-based model above is useful for simple apps, for more complex apps, you can use the class-based model.
Create a simple class like this:
using System;
using DotMake.CommandLine;
[CliCommand(Description = "A root cli command")]
public class RootCliCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
In Program.cs, add this single line:
Cli.Run<RootCliCommand>(args);
And that's it! You now have a fully working command-line app. You just specify the name of your class which represents your root command to Cli.Run<> method and everything is wired.
args is the string array typically passed to a program. This is usually
the special variable args available in Program.cs (new style with top-level statements)
or the string array passed to the program's Main method (old style).
We also have method signatures which does not require args,
for example you can also call Cli.Run<RootCliCommand>() and in that case args will be retrieved automatically from the current process via Cli.GetArgs().
If you want to go async, just use this:
await Cli.RunAsync<RootCliCommand>(args);
To handle exceptions, you just use a try-catch block:
System.CommandLine, by default overtakes your exceptions that are thrown in command handlers (even if you don't set an exception handler explicitly) but DotMake.CommandLine, by default allows the exceptions to pass through. However if you wish, you can easily use an exception handler by using configureBuilder delegate parameter like this:
If you need to simply parse the command-line arguments without invocation, use this:
var rootCliCommand = Cli.Parse<RootCliCommand>(args);
If you need to examine the parse result, such as errors:
var rootCliCommand = Cli.Parse<RootCliCommand>(args, out var parseResult);
if (parseResult.Errors.Count > 0)
{
}
Summary
Mark the class with CliCommand attribute to make it a CLI command (see CliCommandAttribute docs for more info).
Mark a property with CliOption attribute to make it a CLI option (see CliOptionAttribute docs for more info).
Mark a property with CliArgument attribute to make it a CLI argument (see CliArgumentAttribute docs for more info).
Add a method with name Run or RunAsync to make it the handler for the CLI command. The method can have one of the following signatures:
void Run()
int Run()
async Task RunAsync()
async Task<int> RunAsync()
Optionally the method signature can have a System.CommandLine.Invocation.InvocationContext parameter in case you need to access it:
Run(InvocationContext context)
RunAsync(InvocationContext context)
The signatures which return int value, sets the ExitCode of the app.
Call Cli.Run<> orCli.RunAsync<> method with your class name to run your CLI app (see Cli docs for more info).
Help output
When you run the app via
TestApp.exe -? in project output path (e.g. in TestApp\bin\Debug\net6.0)
or dotnet run -- -? in project directory (e.g. in TestApp) (note the double hyphen/dash which allows dotnet run to pass arguments to our actual application)
First line comes from AssemblyProductAttribute or AssemblyName.
Version comes from AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute or AssemblyFileVersionAttribute or AssemblyVersionAttribute.
Second line comes from AssemblyCopyrightAttribute.
Third line comes from CliCommand.Description or AssemblyDescriptionAttribute.
Note, how command/option/argument names, descriptions and default values are automatically populated.
By default, command/option/argument names are generated as follows;
First the following suffixes are stripped out from class and property names:
For commands:
"RootCliCommand", "RootCommand", "SubCliCommand", "SubCommand", "CliCommand", "Command", "Cli"
For options:
"RootCommandOption", "SubCliCommandOption", "SubCommandOption", "CliCommandOption", "CommandOption", "CliOption", "Option"
For arguments:
"RootCliCommandArgument", "RootCommandArgument", "SubCliCommandArgument", "SubCommandArgument", "CliCommandArgument", "CommandArgument", "CliArgument", "Argument"
Then the names are converted to kebab-case, this can be changed by setting NameCasingConvention property of the CliCommand attribute to one of the following values:
CliNameCasingConvention.None
CliNameCasingConvention.LowerCase
CliNameCasingConvention.UpperCase
CliNameCasingConvention.TitleCase
CliNameCasingConvention.PascalCase
CliNameCasingConvention.CamelCase
CliNameCasingConvention.KebabCase
CliNameCasingConvention.SnakeCase
For options, double hyphen/dash prefix is added to the name (e.g. --option), this can be changed by setting NamePrefixConvention (default: DoubleHyphen) property of the CliCommand attribute to one of the following values:
CliNamePrefixConvention.SingleHyphen
CliNamePrefixConvention.DoubleHyphen
CliNamePrefixConvention.ForwardSlash
For options, short-form alias with first letter (e.g. -o) is automatically added. This can be changed by setting ShortFormAutoGenerate (default: true) and ShortFormPrefixConvention (default: SingleHyphen) properties of the CliCommand attribute.
For example, change the name casing and prefix convention:
using System;
using DotMake.CommandLine;
[CliCommand(
Description = "A cli command with snake_case name casing and forward slash prefix conventions",
NameCasingConvention = CliNameCasingConvention.SnakeCase,
NamePrefixConvention = CliNamePrefixConvention.ForwardSlash,
ShortFormPrefixConvention = CliNamePrefixConvention.ForwardSlash
)]
public class RootSnakeSlashCliCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
When you run the app via TestApp.exe -? or dotnet run -- -?, you see this usage help:
Note how even the default options version and help use the new prefix convention ForwardSlash. By the way, as help is a special option, which allows user to discover your app, we still add short-form aliases with other prefix to prevent confusion.
Model binding
When the command handler is run, the properties for CLI options and arguments will be already populated
and bound from values passed in the command-line. If no matching value is passed, the property will have its default value if
it has one or an error will be displayed if it's a required option/argument and it was not specified on the command-line.
An option/argument will be considered required when
There is no property initializer and the property type is a reference type (e.g. public string Arg { get; set; }).
string is a reference type which has a null as the default value but bool and enum are value
types which already have non-null default values. Nullable<T> is a reference type, e.g. bool?.
There is a property initializer, but it's initialized with null or null! (SuppressNullableWarningExpression)
(e.g. public string Arg { get; set; } = null!;).
If it's forced via attribute property Required (e.g. [CliArgument(Required = true)]).
If it's forced via required modifier (e.g. public required string Opt { get; set; }).
Note that for being able to use required modifier, if your target framework is below net7.0,
you also need <LangVersion>11.0</LangVersion> tag (minimum) in your .csproj file (our source generator supplies the polyfills
automatically as long as you set C# language version to 11).
An option/argument will be considered optional when
There is no property initializer (e.g. public bool Opt { get; set; }) but the property type is a value type
which already have non-null default value.
There is a property initializer but it's not initialized with null or null! (SuppressNullableWarningExpression)
(e.g. public string Arg { get; set; } = "Default";).
If it's forced via attribute property Required (e.g. [CliArgument(Required = false)]).
When you run,
TestApp.exe NewValueForArgument1
or (note the double hyphen/dash which allows dotnet run to pass arguments to our actual application):
dotnet run -- NewValueForArgument1
You see this result:
Handler for 'TestApp.Commands.RootCliCommand' is run:
Value for Option1 property is 'DefaultForOption1'
Value for Argument1 property is 'NewValueForArgument1'
Supported types
Note that you can have a specific type (other than string) for a property which a CliOption or CliArgument attribute is applied to, for example these properties will be parsed and bound/populated automatically:
[CliCommand]
public class WriteFileCommand
{
[CliArgument]
public FileInfo OutputFile { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public List<string> Lines { get; set; }
}
The following types for properties are supported:
Booleans (flags) - If true or false is passed for an option having a bool argument, it is parsed and bound as expected.
But an option whose argument type is bool doesn't require an argument to be specified.
The presence of the option token on the command line, with no argument following it, results in a value of true.
Enums - The values are bound by name, and the binding is case insensitive
Any type with a public constructor or a static Parse method with a string parameter (other parameters, if any, should be optional) - These types can be bound/parsed
automatically even if they are wrapped with Enumerable or Nullable type.
[CliCommand]
public class ArgumentConverterCliCommand
{
[CliOption]
public ClassWithConstructor Opt { get; set; }
[CliOption(AllowMultipleArgumentsPerToken = true)]
public ClassWithConstructor[] OptArray { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public CustomStruct? OptNullable { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public IEnumerable<ClassWithConstructor> OptEnumerable { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public List<ClassWithConstructor> OptList { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public CustomList<ClassWithConstructor> OptCustomList { get; set; }
[CliArgument]
public IEnumerable<ClassWithParser> Arg { get; set; }
}
public class ClassWithConstructor
{
private readonly string value;
public ClassWithConstructor(string value)
{
this.value = value;
}
public override string ToString()
{
return value;
}
}
public class ClassWithParser
{
private string value;
public override string ToString()
{
return value;
}
public static ClassWithParser Parse(string value)
{
var instance = new ClassWithParser();
instance.value = value;
return instance;
}
}
public struct CustomStruct
{
private readonly string value;
public CustomStruct(string value)
{
this.value = value;
}
public override string ToString()
{
return value;
}
}
Arrays, lists, collections - any type that implements IEnumerable<T> and has a public constructor with a IEnumerable<T> or IList<T> parameter (other parameters, if any, should be optional).
If type is generic IEnumerable<T>, IList<T>, ICollection<T> interfaces itself, array T[] will be used.
If type is non-generic IEnumerable, IList, ICollection interfaces itself, array string[] will be used.
[CliCommand]
public class EnumerableCliCommand
{
[CliOption]
public IEnumerable<int> OptEnumerable { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public List<string> OptList { get; set; }
[CliOption(AllowMultipleArgumentsPerToken = true)]
public FileAccess[] OptEnumArray { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public Collection<string> OptCollection { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public HashSet<string> OptHashSet { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public Queue<FileInfo> OptQueue { get; set; }
[CliOption]
public CustomList<string> OptCustomList { get; set; }
[CliArgument]
public IList ArgIList { get; set; }
}
public class CustomList<T> : List<T>
{
public CustomList(IEnumerable<T> items)
: base(items)
{
}
}
Dependency Injection
Commands can have injected dependencies, this is supported via Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection package (version >= 6.0.0).
In your project directory, via dotnet cli:
When the source generator detects that your project has reference to Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection,
it will generate extension methods for supporting dependency injection.
For example, you can now add your services with the extension method Cli.Ext.ConfigureServices:
using DotMake.CommandLine;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
Cli.Ext.ConfigureServices(services =>
{
services.AddTransient<TransientClass>();
services.AddScoped<ScopedClass>();
services.AddSingleton<SingletonClass>();
});
Cli.Run<RootCliCommand>();
Then let them be injected to your command class automatically by providing a constructor with the required services:
[CliCommand(Description = "A root cli command with dependency injection")]
public class RootCliCommand
{
private readonly TransientClass transientDisposable;
private readonly ScopedClass scopedDisposable;
private readonly SingletonClass singletonDisposable;
public RootCliCommand(
TransientClass transientDisposable,
ScopedClass scopedDisposable,
SingletonClass singletonDisposable
)
{
this.transientDisposable = transientDisposable;
this.scopedDisposable = scopedDisposable;
this.singletonDisposable = singletonDisposable;
}
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine($"Instance for {transientDisposable.Name} is available");
Console.WriteLine($"Instance for {scopedDisposable.Name} is available");
Console.WriteLine($"Instance for {singletonDisposable.Name} is available");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
public sealed class TransientClass : IDisposable
{
public string Name => nameof(TransientClass);
public void Dispose() => Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(TransientClass)}.Dispose()");
}
public sealed class ScopedClass : IDisposable
{
public string Name => nameof(ScopedClass);
public void Dispose() => Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(ScopedClass)}.Dispose()");
}
public sealed class SingletonClass : IDisposable
{
public string Name => nameof(SingletonClass);
public void Dispose() => Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(SingletonClass)}.Dispose()");
}
Command Hierarchy
A command in command-line input is a token that specifies an action or defines a group of related actions. For example:
In dotnet run, run is a command that specifies an action.
In dotnet tool install, install is a command that specifies an action, and tool is a command that specifies a group of related commands. There are other tool-related commands, such as tool uninstall, tool list, and tool update.
Root commands
The root command is the one that specifies the name of the app's executable. For example, the dotnet command specifies the dotnet.exe executable.
Subcommands
Most command-line apps support subcommands, also known as verbs. For example, the dotnet command has a run subcommand that you invoke by entering dotnet run.
Subcommands can have their own subcommands. In dotnet tool install, install is a subcommand of tool.
Defining sub-commands in DotMake.Commandline is very easy. We simply use nested classes to create a hierarchy:
[CliCommand(Description = "A root cli command with nested children")]
public class RootWithNestedChildrenCliCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
}
[CliCommand(Description = "A nested level 1 sub-command")]
public class Level1SubCliCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
}
[CliCommand(Description = "A nested level 2 sub-command")]
public class Level2SubCliCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
}
Just make sure you apply CliCommand attribute to the nested classes as well.
Command hierarchy in above example is: RootWithNestedChildrenCliCommand -> Level1SubCliCommand -> Level2SubCliCommand
Another way to create hierarchy between commands, especially if you want to use standalone classes, is to use Parent property of CliCommand attribute to specify typeof parent class:
[CliCommand(Description = "A root cli command")]
public class RootWithExternalChildrenCliCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
[CliCommand(
Name = "Level1External",
Description = "An external level 1 sub-command",
Parent = typeof(RootWithExternalChildrenCliCommand)
)]
public class ExternalLevel1SubCliCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
}
[CliCommand(Description = "A nested level 2 sub-command")]
public class Level2SubCliCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Description for Option1")]
public string Option1 { get; set; } = "DefaultForOption1";
[CliArgument(Description = "Description for Argument1")]
public string Argument1 { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"Handler for '{GetType().FullName}' is run:");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Option1)} property is '{Option1}'");
Console.WriteLine($@"Value for {nameof(Argument1)} property is '{Argument1}'");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
Command hierarchy in above example is: RootWithExternalChildrenCliCommand -> ExternalLevel1SubCliCommand -> Level2SubCliCommand
The class that CliCommand attribute is applied to,
will be a root command if the class is not a nested class and Parentproperty is not set.
will be a sub command if the class is a nested class or Parent property is set.
The properties for CliCommand attribute (see CliCommandAttribute docs for more info):
Name
Description
Aliases
Hidden
Parent
TreatUnmatchedTokensAsErrors
NameCasingConvention (inherited by child options, child arguments and subcommands)
NamePrefixConvention (inherited by child options and subcommands)
ShortFormPrefixConvention (inherited by child options and subcommands)
ShortFormAutoGenerate (inherited by child options and subcommands)
Command Inheritance
When you have repeating/common options and arguments for your commands, you can define them once in a base class and then
share them by inheriting that base class in other command classes. Interfaces are also supported !
[CliCommand]
public class InheritanceCliCommand : CredentialCommandBase, IDepartmentCommand
{
public string Department { get; set; } = "Accounting";
}
public abstract class CredentialCommandBase
{
[CliOption(Description = "Username of the identity performing the command")]
public string Username { get; set; } = "admin";
[CliOption(Description = "Password of the identity performing the command")]
public string Password { get; set; }
public void Run()
{
Console.WriteLine($@"I am {Username}");
}
}
public interface IDepartmentCommand
{
[CliOption(Description = "Department of the identity performing the command (interface)")]
string Department { get; set; }
}
The property attribute and the property initializer from the most derived class in the hierarchy will be used
(they will override the base ones). The command handler (Run or RunAsync) will be also inherited.
So in the above example, InheritanceCliCommand inherits options Username, Password from a base class and
option Department from an interface. Note that the property initializer for Department is in the derived class,
so that default value will be used.
Options
An option is a named parameter that can be passed to a command. POSIX CLIs typically prefix the option name with two hyphens (--). The following example shows two options:
As this example illustrates, the value of the option may be explicit (quiet for --verbosity) or implicit (nothing follows --global). Options that have no value specified are typically Boolean parameters that default to true if the option is specified on the command line.
For some Windows command-line apps, you identify an option by using a leading slash (/) with the option name. For example:
msbuild /version
^------^
Both POSIX and Windows prefix conventions are supported. When you configure an option, you specify the option name including the prefix.
When manually setting a name (overriding target property's name), you should specify the option name including the prefix (e.g. --option, -option or /option)
The properties for CliOption attribute (see CliOptionAttribute docs for more info):
Name
Description
Aliases
HelpName
Hidden
Required
Global
Arity
AllowedValues
AllowMultipleArgumentsPerToken
AllowExisting
Arguments
An argument is a value passed to an option or a command. The following examples show an argument for the verbosity option and an argument for the build command.
Arguments can have default values that apply if no argument is explicitly provided. For example, many options are implicitly Boolean parameters with a default of true when the option name is in the command line. The following command-line examples are equivalent:
Some options have required arguments. For example in the .NET CLI, --output requires a folder name argument. If the argument is not provided, the command fails.
Arguments can have expected types, and System.CommandLine displays an error message if an argument can't be parsed into the expected type. For example, the following command errors because "silent" isn't one of the valid values for --verbosity:
dotnet build --verbosity silent
Cannot parse argument 'silent' for option '-v' as expected type 'Microsoft.DotNet.Cli.VerbosityOptions'. Did you mean one of the following?
Detailed
Diagnostic
Minimal
Normal
Quiet
The properties for CliArgument attribute (see CliArgumentAttribute docs for more info):
